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2.
Acta cir. bras ; 34(2): e201900207, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989054

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate red propolis, gum arabic and L-lysine activity on colorectal preneoplastic lesions induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Methods: The study featured 4 control groups (I-IV) and 4 experimental groups (V-VIII), totaling 48 rats. Once a week for 2 weeks, animals on control groups received saline, while animals in experimental groups received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg i.p.). The follow up along 16 weeks included daily oral gavage to administer water (I and V), L-lysine (150 mg/kg)(II and VI), própolis (100mg/5ml/kg)(III and VII), or gum arabic (5ml/kg)(IV and VIII). Was performed surgery on the animals in the end of this time in order to collect blood for biological assays (TBARS, GSH), followed by their sacrifice to tissue extract. Results: Oxidative stress (TBARS) and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in distal colon were lower using própolis (p<0.01 for both parameters). Gum arabic reduced preneoplastic lesions (ACF ≤ 4 crypts) on distal colon and on the entire colon (p<0.05). Conclusions: Red propolis reduced AOM-induced oxidative stress (TBARS) and total number of ACF in the distal colon. L-lysine neither protected against nor enhanced AOM-induced ACF. Gum arabic reduced the number of ACF.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control , Propolis/pharmacology , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Gum Arabic/pharmacology , Lysine/pharmacology , Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced , Azoxymethane , Carcinogens , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal
3.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(2): e1369, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949235

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a very frequent sort of neoplasm among the population, with a high mortality rate. It develops from an association of genetic and environmental factors, and it is related to multiple cell signaling pathways. Cell cultures and animal models are used in research to reproduce the process of disease development in humans. Of the existing animal models, the most commonly used are animals with tumors induced by chemical agents and genetically modified animals. Objective: To present and synthesize the main animal models of colorectal carcinogenesis used in the research, comparing its advantages and disadvantages. Method: This literature review was performed through the search for scientific articles over the last 18 years in PubMed and Science Direct databases, by using keywords such as "animal models", "colorectal carcinogenesis" and "tumor induction". Results: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane are carcinogenic agents with high specificity for the small and large intestine regions. Therefore, the two substances are widely used. Concerning the genetically modified animal models, there is a larger number of studies concerning mutations of the APC, p53 and K-ras genes. Animals with the APC gene mutation develop colorectal neoplasms, whereas animals with p53 and K-ras genes mutations are able to potentiate the effects of the APC gene mutation as well as the chemical inducers. Conclusion: Each animal model has advantages and disadvantages, and some are individually efficient as to the induction of carcinogenesis, and in other cases the association of two forms of induction is the best way to obtain representative results of carcinogenesis in humans.


RESUMO Introdução: O câncer de cólon e reto é bastante frequente na população e com elevado índice de mortalidade. Ele se desenvolve a partir da associação de fatores genéticos e ambientais e está relacionado a múltiplas vias de sinalização celular. Para o estudo da doença são utilizados cultivos celulares e modelos animais, que sejam capazes de reproduzir o processo de desenvolvimento da doença em humanos. Dos modelos existentes, os mais comumente utilizados são os animais induzidos ao desenvolvimento tumoral por agentes químicos e os animais geneticamente modificados. Objetivo: Apresentar e sintetizar os principais modelos animais de carcinogênese colorretal utilizados na pesquisa, comparando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Método: Para o desenvolvimento dessa revisão foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos dos últimos 18 anos nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct, utilizando como palavras-chave "modelos animais", "carcinogênese colorretal" e "indução tumoral". Resultado: O 1,2 dimetilhidrazina e o azoximetano são agentes carcinógenos com alta especificidade para o intestino delgado e grosso. Por isso, as duas substâncias são amplamente utilizadas. Dos modelos animais geneticamente modificados observa-se maior quantidade de estudos referentes às mutações dos genes APC, p53eK-ras. Os animais com mutação do gene APC desenvolvem neoplasias colorretais, enquanto que animais com mutações dos genes p53 e K-ras são capazes de potencializar os efeitos da mutação do gene APC, bem como dos indutores químicos. Conclusão: Cada modelo animal apresenta vantagens e desvantagens, sendo que alguns são individualmente eficientes na indução da carcinogênese, e em outros casos a associação de duas formas de indução é a melhor maneira de se obter resultados representativos da carcinogênese em humanos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Animals, Genetically Modified
4.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 40(2): 137-141, mar.-abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676368

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as repercussões hepáticas da carcinogênese colônica induzida por diferentes doses e tempos de exposição ao azoximetano em ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e quatro ratos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos. Os animais tinham oito semanas no início do experimento. No grupo 1, receberam 1.0mL de solução salina intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana por duas semanas. No grupo 2, receberam 15 mg/kg de azoximetano intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana por duas semanas. Esses animais foram mortos na 15ª semana do experimento. Os animais do grupo 3 receberam solução salina intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana por duas semanas. Os animais do grupo 4 receberam 20mg/kg de azoximetano intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana por duas semanas. Esses animais foram mortos na 26ª semana do experimento. Os fragmentos de tecido hepático foram corados pela hematoxilina e eosina e avaliadas microscopicamente. RESULTADOS: Grupo 1 e grupo 2 diferiram significantemente em relação a esteatose, mas não houve diferença entre o grupo 3 e o grupo 4. No entanto, no grupo 4 foram observadas lesões pré-neoplásicas (focos de células alteradas, claras, vacuoladas, basofílicas, anfofílicas, tigróides, oncocíticas, pequenas ou acidófilas, espongioses e pelioses) e lesões neoplásicas (colangiomas e adenomas) contendo hepatócitos atípicos de permeio, não identificados no grupo 3. CONCLUSÃO: No modelo de carcinogênese colorretal, lesões hepáticas pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas aparecem e evoluem na proporção do tempo e dose de exposição ao azoximetano.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hepatic effects of colonic carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane at different doses and times of exposure in rats. METHODS: Forty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The animals were eight weeks at the beginning of the experiment. group 1 received 1.0ml of saline intraperitoneally once a week for two weeks. Group 2 received 15 mg/kg of azoxymethane intraperitoneally once a week for two weeks. These animals were killed at the 15th week of the experiment. The animals of group 3 received saline intraperitoneally once a week for two weeks. Group 4 animals received 20mg/kg of azoxymethane intraperitoneally once a week for two weeks. These animals were killed at the 26th week of the experiment. The fragments of liver tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated microscopically. RESULTS: Groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in relation to steatosis, no difference having been found between group 3 and group 4. However, in group 4 we observed pre-neoplastic lesions (foci of altered, clear, vacuolated, basophilic, amphophilic tigroid, oncocytic, small or acidophilus cells, spongiosis and peliosis) and neoplastic lesions (adenomas and colangiomas) containing atypical hepatocytes in between, not identified in group 3. CONCLUSION: In the model of colorectal carcinogenesis, preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions appear and evolve in proportion to the time of exposure and dose of azoxymethane.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Azoxymethane/administration & dosage , Carcinogenesis/drug effects , Carcinogens/administration & dosage , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Colorectal Neoplasms/complications , Liver Diseases/etiology , Precancerous Conditions/etiology , Azoxymethane/pharmacology , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Rats, Wistar
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(1): 30-36, Jan. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-607993

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine whether a hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colonic mucosa of Wistar rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS: At eight weeks of life, the rats were assigned to four groups: Group I―standard diet (STD) not treated with AOM; Group II―hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet (FED), not treated with AOM; Group III―STD, treated with AOM; Group IV―FED, treated with AOM. At 16 weeks, the animals were injected intraperitoneal with 0.9 percent saline solution (Group I and II) or AOM at 15mg/Kg (Groups III and IV) once a week for two weeks. Fifteen weeks later, the animals were euthanized. RESULTS: FED promoted weight gain in Groups II and IV compared to Groups I and III, respectively. The groups did not differ with regard to the total number of ACF. The Chi-square test revealed no predominance of the presence of foci with <4 crypts. However, foci with ≥5 crypts were proportionally more prevalent in Group III than in Group IV (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids did not interfere with the formation of aberrant crypt foci, but reduced ACF multiplicity, exercising an attenuating effect on carcinogenesis.


OBJETIVO: Determinar se uma dieta hipercalórica, hiperlipídica, rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (FED) tem influência na formação de focos de cripta aberrante (FCA) em mucosa cólica de ratos Wistar expostos ao azoximetano (AOM). MÉTODOS: Com oito semanas de vida, os ratos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: Grupo I: Dieta padrão (SD) sem AOM; Grupo II: FED, sem AOM; Grupo III: SD, com AOM; Grupo IV: FED com AOM. Com 16 semanas, os animais dos grupos I e II receberam injeções intraperitoneais de solução salina 0,9 por cento, enquanto os dos grupos III e IV receberam AOM na dose de 15mg/Kg de peso, 1 vez por semana por duas semanas. Quinze semanas após, os animais foram mortos. RESULTADOS: FED promoveu aumento de peso nos grupos II e IV em relação aos grupos I e III. Não houve aumento significante no número total de FCA entre os grupos. Em relação à multiplicidade das criptas por FCA, o teste do qui-quadrado mostrou que não houve predominância da presença <4 criptas por foco. Contudo, focos ≥5 criptas foram proporcionalmente mais prevalentes no grupo III que no grupo IV (p=0,043). CONCLUSÃO: Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados não interferem na formação de focos de cripta aberrante, contudo reduz sua multiplicidade, exercendo efeito atenuador na carcinogênese.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aberrant Crypt Foci/prevention & control , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Aberrant Crypt Foci/chemically induced , Aberrant Crypt Foci/pathology , Azoxymethane/toxicity , Body Weight/drug effects , Carcinogens/toxicity , Colon/drug effects , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , /administration & dosage , /administration & dosage , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
6.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 454-462, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-95674

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Transplant recipients in Asia appear to be at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was performed to identify the clinicopathological features and oncologic outcomes of CRC in post-renal transplants in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 17 patients with CRC out of 2,630 recipients who underwent renal transplantation between 1994 and 2007. These patients (transplant group) were compared with general CRC patients (n=170, control group) matched, based on the closest date of surgery to the transplant group. RESULTS: During 29.7 months of the median follow-up period, the recurrent and survival rates from recurrence were worse in the transplant group than in the control group (35.2% versus 15.2%; p=0.048 and p=0.025). The 2-year patient survival rate of the transplant group was significantly worse than the control group in advanced cancer (stages III-IV; 45.7% versus 71.6%; p=0.023). In early cancer (stages 0-I), there was no significant difference in 5-year patient survival rate between the two groups (100% versus 92.6%, respectively; p=0.406). CONCLUSION: In spite of a poor prognosis of advanced CRC in the transplant group, the early stage CRC of the transplant group showed a comparable oncologic outcome compared with the control group. Regular screening and early detection of CRC are essential in the post-transplant setting.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Incidence , Kidney Transplantation , Prognosis , Republic of Korea , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 25(2): 148-152, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-540490

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Test immersion of microscopy samples in water as an aid to visualizing and quantifying aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon mucosa. Methods: Carcinogenesis was induced with azoxymethane in Wistar rats kept on a conventional diet or a hypercaloric diet containing unsaturated fat. Fifteen weeks after induction, colon samples were retrieved and fixated in a 10 percent formaldehyde solution. The samples were divided into segments (distal, middle, proximal) and stained with 1 percent toluidine blue. The technique tested in the study consisted of immersing microscopy samples in distilled water in order to eliminate the problem of light reflection known from conventional microscopy. Results: When samples were immersed in water during microscopy, significantly more ACF could be visualized in all colon segments than with the conventional method proposed by Bird. Conclusion: Immersing microscopy samples in water aids the visualization and quantification of aberrant crypt foci in rat colon mucosa fixed in formaldehyde.


Objetivo: Otimizar a visibilização de focos de criptas aberrantes (FCA) em mucosa cólica de ratos Wistar. Métodos: Colo de rato Wistar, sob diferentes dietas e submetidos a iniciação de carcinogênese pelo azoximetano há 4 meses, foram previamente lavados, abertos e fixados em solução de formalina a 10 por cento por 24 horas. Após serem corados em azul de toluidina a 1 por cento, foram divididos em segmentos distal, médio e proximal e imersos em água destilada para quantificação de FCA. Resultados: No método de imersão foi visibilizado maior quantidade de focos de criptas aberrantes em todos os segmentos cólicos, com diferença significante, quando comparado com o método de Bird. Conclusão: O método de imersão otimiza a visibilização e quantificação de focos de criptas aberrantes em mucosa cólica (ratos Wistar) fixada em solução de formalina a 10 por cento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aberrant Crypt Foci/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Azoxymethane , Aberrant Crypt Foci/chemically induced , Carcinogens , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Microscopy/methods , Rats, Wistar
8.
Botucatu; s.n; 2006. 58 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468591

ABSTRACT

A fração polissacarídica de Agaricus blazei (ATF) foi testada quanto à capacidade em inibir a carcinogênese colorretal em ratos com colite ulcerativa. Ratos Wistar foram iniciados com 1,2-dimetilhidrazina (DMH) (40 mg/Kg - 4 doses, sc) nas duas primeiras semanas, e/ou instilados com ácido acético (5% - 1,5 ml, intraretal) na quarta semana. A ATF foi obtida por extração com oxalato de amônio e administrada nas doses de 5 ou 25 mg/Kg (ip) 3 dias antes e 2 vezes depois da indução de colite. Após 4 semanas de tratamento, a administração de 5 mg/Kg da ATF diminuiu a expressão de FCAs contendo 3 ou mais criptas aberrantes. Este tratamento também aumentou o índice de lesão e a porcentagem de cólon com lesão (segmento distal/retal) no grupo submetido à carcinogênese química e colite ulcerativa. Por outro lado, no experimento de 10 semanas, a ATF aumentou o número de FCAs contendo 2 ou mais criptas aberrantes. Neste período, o tecido já estava reepitelizado, não mostrando sinais de lesão provocada pela colite. Estes resultados permitem concluir que o potencial profilático da ATF parece estar relacionado a sua habilidade em promover uma reação inflamatória aguda, mas que o uso contínuo do produto pode provocar um quadro de inflamação crônica predisponente à carcinogênese...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Agaricus , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced
9.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Córdoba) ; 62(2,supl. 1): 59-66, 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-441198

ABSTRACT

Las expectativas de vida han cambiado el manejo de la menopausia, etapa de la vida en la que la mujer presenta la mayor incidencia de cáncer. La terapia hormonal (TH) tiene en la actualidad indicaciones más acotadas y en particular en las pacientes que ya tuvieron cáncer. Las contraindicaciones oncológicas para el uso de TH son analizadas en relación a tumores hormono dependientes (endometrio y mama), a los con dependencia parcial (ovario y adenocarcinoma de cuello) y a los independientes (cuello,vulva y vagina).El cáncer colorectal, de alta mortalidad, se suponía protegido por TH, pero hoy no se puede confirmar esa observación. El aumento de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de mama es concluyente. La alta prevalencia de este tumor invita a ser cautelosos y advertidos en el diagnostico precoz en aquellas poblaciones mas expuestas. La TH combinada y por periodos de mas de la al1.0S demostró un incipiente incremento. Se esta en la búsqueda de hormonas selectivas que no estimulen los receptores en la mama y en el endometrio y que actúen favorablemente sobre otras áreas.


The life expectation has been changeable the manner of menopause handling. At the same time, the women after fifty have the highest incidence of cancer. The hormonal replacement therapy (HT) to date has very few indications for patients with cancer. The oncologic contraindication for HT are analysed in detail, particulary for breast tumour. At the present time, the studies and the metanalysis on HT and breast cancer not showed a quantitative increase on the risk. We are looking for selective hormone with antagonist for endometrium and breast receptors, and effectiveness on the others areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Menopause , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry , Risk Factors , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-119439

ABSTRACT

Acetylation polymorphism, although discovered 40 years ago, still holds interest not only because many drugs and carcinogens are metabolized by acetylation in the liver but also because advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular genetics of acetylation. It is this genetic variation of drug metabolism that is one of the causes of inter-individual variation of the effect of a drug. Acetylation polymorphism relates to the metabolism of a number of arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens by cytosolic N-acetyltransferase--NAT2. In humans, 2 genes--NAT1 and NAT2--are responsible for the N-acetyltransferase activity. Studies have revealed several allelic variants of both NAT1 and NAT2. It has been suggested that some of these variants modify the individual susceptibility to disease.


Subject(s)
Acetylation , Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics , Biotransformation/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Genotype , Humans , Isoniazid/adverse effects , Lupus Vulgaris/chemically induced , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Pharmacogenetics , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced
11.
Rev. argent. cir ; 78(1/2): 24-34, ene.-feb. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258526

ABSTRACT

La manipulación traumática del colon portador de una neoplasia, durante la ejecución de una colectomía laparoscópica podría aumentar la exfoliación de células malignas dentro de la cavidad peritoneal, y por consiguiente ser una de las causas de los implantes cutáneos. Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de cáncer colónico experimental con similitud al del hombre y determinar si la manipulación laparoscópica instrumental del carcinoma de colon y recto comparada con la laparotomía, aumenta la exfoliación de células malignas en la cavidad peritoneal, instrumental y trócares. Material y Métodos: Se desarrolló un protocolo de cáncer colorrectal experimental con inyección subcutánea de 1-2 Dimethylhydrazina a una dosis de 20 mg/kg de peso, semanalmente y durante 20 semanas, en 40 ratas Wistar, sexo masculino. Se operaron a la semana 21º, dividiéndolas en 2 grupos (1 y 2). Grupo 1 (n 23) sometidas a laparotomía y manipulación instrumental del colon. Grupo 2 (n 17) se efectuó neumoperitoneo con CO2 hasta una presión de 12 mm Hg, laparoscopia y manipulación instrumental del colon y recto. Un tercer grupo lo constituyeron las ratas controles (n 5). Se realizó citología de: líquido de lavado peritoneal pre y post manipulación intestinal, del instrumental convencional y laparoscópico, de la aguja de Verres y de los trócares. Se efectuó el estudio histológico del colon y recto, ganglios mesentéricos, hígado y peritoneo. Resultados: El 80 por ciento de las ratas desarrollaron adenocarcinomas de colon. No existió diferencia significativa entre la exfoliación celular de ambos grupos de animales. Conclusiones: El carcinoma colorrectal inducido por la 1-2 Dimethylhydrazina tiene características muy similares al del ser humano y es un modelo válido para la investigación. La manipulación instrumental con una prolija técnica durante los procedimientos laparoscópicos no aumenta la exfoliación celular


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Adenocarcinoma/chemically induced , Bronchoscopy/adverse effects , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis/physiopathology , Neoplasm Seeding , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Dimethylhydrazines/adverse effects , Disease Models, Animal , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Peritoneal Lavage , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar , Skin Neoplasms/secondary
12.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1993 Oct; 31(10): 793-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-61794

ABSTRACT

Alterations in large gut associated lymphatic tissues (LGALT) were studied histologically during 20-methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Precancerous changes in LGALT included hyperplasia, hyperchromasia of lymphocytes and enlargement of lymphoid follicles. In addition, follicular invasion in muscular layer and cellular disorganization of diffuse lymphatic tissues were observed in neoplasia. Since, LGALT showed remarkable changes during carcinogenesis, this aspect may be considered during assessment of preneoplastic lesions, along with other histologic features of early neoplasia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Intestine, Large/pathology , Lymphoid Tissue/pathology , Male , Methylcholanthrene/toxicity , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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